Down Syndrome

What is Down Syndrome?

Down Syndrome is a chromosomal condition associated with the 21st chromosome. Most cases of Down Syndrome result from each cell in the body having 3 copies of the 21st chromosome rather than the usual 2 copies. Less commonly, Down Syndrome occurs when the 21st chromosome attaches to another chromosome during fetal development.

People experiencing Down Syndrome may exhibit the following characteristics:

• Physical characteristics:
  • Small flat nose
  • Almond shaped eyes with an upward slant
  • Smaller ears
  • Short neck
  • Larger tongue
  • Smaller limbs and body frame
  • Lower muscle tone

• Many people with Down Syndrome are born with increased health concerns such as:
  • Heart defects
  • Digestive abnormalities
  • Increased risk of gastroesophageal reflux
  • Increased risk of celiac disease
  • Underactive thyroid
  • Increased risk of hearing and vision problems
  • Increased risk of Alzheimer’s, starting in their 50s

• People born with Down Syndrome often experience developmental delays in language and speech.

• Behavioural concerns may include: a limited attention span or obsessive compulsive behaviours.