Oppositional Defiant Disorder
What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a mental health disorder, more specifically a behavioural disorder. It is a pattern of disobedient, hostile and defiant behaviour directed toward authority figures.
There is no known direct cause of ODD. However, medical professionals believe that a combination of biological, psychological, and social risk factors play a role in the development of the disorder.
Biological factors:
- A parent with a history of ADHD or ODD.
- A parent with a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder.
- A parent with substance abuse.
- A brain chemical imbalance.
- Exposure to toxins.
- Poor nutrition.
Psychological factors:
- A poor relationship with a parent.
- A neglectful or absent parent.
- A difficulty in social relationships.
Social factors:
- Poverty
- Chaotic environment
- Abuse
- Neglect
- Inconsistent discipline
- Family instability
The following behavioral symptoms are associated with ODD:
- Frequent temper tantrums
- Excessive arguments with adults
- Actively refusing to comply with requests and rules
- Often questioning rules
- Deliberately annoying and upsetting others
- Often touchy or annoyed by others
- Blaming others for their mistakes
- Frequent outbursts of anger and resentment
- Spiteful attitude and revenge seeking
